In the latest earnings call, Bandwidth Inc. (NASDAQ:BAND), a leading enterprise cloud communications company, reported a significant year-over-year increase in revenue and adjusted EBITDA for the third quarter of 2024. CEO David Morken announced a record revenue of $194 million, marking a 28% increase, and a 74% rise in adjusted EBITDA to $24 million. The company also raised its full-year revenue outlook to $742 million, indicating a 23% growth forecast. Bandwidth's strong performance is attributed to growth in direct enterprise customers, a rise in programmable communications services, and innovations in number reputation management and multichannel messaging.
Key Takeaways
- Bandwidth's Q3 revenue reached $194 million, a 28% increase year-over-year.
- Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter rose to $24 million, a 74% increase.
- Full-year revenue forecast has been raised to $742 million, reflecting 23% growth.
- Record average revenue per user (ARPU) of $212,000 was achieved.
- The company hosted a successful Reverb24 user conference, unveiling new global services and platform enhancements.
- Free cash flow for 2024 is projected to exceed $50 million.
Company Outlook
- Bandwidth expects to continue its profit growth into the next year, despite potential headwinds from political campaign cycles.
- The company has raised its revenue guidance by $27 million, with cloud communications contributing $7 million due to increased commercial revenue.
- Interest in generative AI use cases is growing among customers, with Bandwidth focusing on the quality and regulatory compliance of its vertically integrated platform.
Bearish Highlights
- Operating expenses increased by 7%, primarily due to investments in research and development.
Bullish Highlights
- Commercial messaging revenue grew by 32%, demonstrating effective customer acquisition and market share expansion.
- The net retention rate improved to 117%, with a 6 percentage point increase from the previous quarter.
- Political campaign revenue is expected to contribute significantly to cloud communications revenue, with $25 million anticipated in Q4.
Misses
- No specific misses were reported in the earnings call.
Q&A Highlights
- The importance of regulatory compliance in AI voice applications was emphasized.
- Flexibility in platform integration for enterprises was noted as a key focus.
- AI integration is already active in the Maestro platform through the AIBridge product, which supports five partner integrations.
Bandwidth's recent financial performance indicates a robust growth trajectory, with the company successfully expanding its market share and enhancing its product offerings. The record ARPU and strong net retention rate reflect the company's ability to deliver value to its customers. Bandwidth's strategic focus on innovation and customer satisfaction, along with its raised revenue forecast, positions it well for sustained profitability and long-term success in the competitive cloud communications market.
InvestingPro Insights
Bandwidth Inc.'s strong financial performance, as reported in its latest earnings call, is further supported by real-time data from InvestingPro. The company's market capitalization stands at $542.69 million, reflecting investor confidence in its growth potential. This aligns with the reported 28% year-over-year revenue increase and the raised full-year revenue outlook.
InvestingPro data shows that Bandwidth's revenue for the last twelve months as of Q2 2024 was $662.03 million, with a robust revenue growth of 12.4% over the same period. This growth trajectory is consistent with the company's bullish outlook and raised guidance for the full year.
An InvestingPro Tip highlights that net income is expected to grow this year, which corroborates the company's projection of continued profit growth into the next year. This positive outlook is further reinforced by another InvestingPro Tip indicating that analysts predict the company will be profitable this year, despite not being profitable over the last twelve months.
The company's focus on innovation and customer satisfaction is reflected in its strong financial metrics. The gross profit margin of 38.12% for the last twelve months as of Q2 2024 demonstrates Bandwidth's ability to maintain healthy margins while expanding its market share.
It's worth noting that Bandwidth's stock price movements are quite volatile, according to an InvestingPro Tip. This volatility could be attributed to the dynamic nature of the cloud communications market and the company's ongoing investments in research and development.
For investors seeking a more comprehensive analysis, InvestingPro offers additional insights with 8 more tips available for Bandwidth Inc. These tips could provide valuable context for understanding the company's financial health and future prospects in the competitive cloud communications landscape.
Full transcript - Bandwidth Inc (BAND) Q3 2024:
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David Morken: Thank you, Sarah. Welcome to Bandwidth's Q3 2024 earnings call. We're pleased to report solid momentum in Q3 carrying us into the end of the year with record revenue and profitability performance, strong conversion to free cash flow and continued operating discipline. Given the over performance in the quarter, we are raising our full year outlook on both the top and bottom lines. These results are driven by the trust our customers place in us to deliver their business critical services, and I'm deeply grateful to our customers and our bandmates who make this possible. I also want to take a moment to thank God for the opportunities he has provided to us all. In September, we hosted Reverb24, our first ever user conference at our campus in Raleigh, North Carolina. The event was a huge success as we engaged with over 100 customers and prospects in person and 1,400 more streaming globally. This was truly a milestone moment in our 25 year history and a strong proof point that the world's large enterprises rely on Bandwidth to transform their customer and employee experiences. As one customer told us afterwards, I have a much better understanding of Bandwidth, your capabilities and your culture. Kudos to your team for a great event and an amazing showcase. Let's take a quick look at the takeaways from Reverb. [Audio-Video Presentation] At Reverb, we're proud to have announced our plan to develop an industry first nomadic emergency services solution for markets outside the U.S. as well as progress on a new number reputation management solution for trusted calling and also a new centralized message registration center for faster and easier texting campaign registration. These innovations cross all three of our key customer categories, global communications plans, programmable services and direct enterprise. In addition to being true technical milestones achieved by our talented team, they are also business critical solutions that will drive continued revenue growth and margin expansion. So let's dig in. Our new next generation Bandwidth universal platform is the foundation of everything we do. At Reverb, we unveiled a number of powerful new capabilities to turbocharge the Bandwidth experience, including faster onboarding, automated workflow management, tailored regulatory frameworks and deeper performance monitoring, all managed through convenient software APIs. Bottom line, these enhancements make Bandwidth faster to implement, easier to scale, and stickier for customer retention. Just listen to how Docusign's Vipin Kalra described it at Reverb. He consolidated nine different carriers in 15 geographies down to one with Bandwidth to power Docusign's contact centered operations globally. [Audio-Video Presentation] The universal platform is also where we're building the next generation of our renowned emergency services. For years, we have been a leading innovator and provider of E-911 in the United States. Now we intend to make it global. We were excited to announce at Reverb our plans to develop the first ever nomadic emergency services solution outside the U.S. We call it alternate location routing, and it promises to deliver a similar life-saving potential for on the go workers globally, as our 911 dynamic location routing services do in the United States. Our emergency services are frequently a door opener for larger customers to get to know us and now we want to open that door to the entire world. So we've completely refreshed and upgraded the Bandwidth experience with our next gen universal platform. Turning now to the innovation pipeline for our enterprise business, we were excited to announce at Reverb that our award winning Maestro platform now has the largest ecosystem of bring your own carrier integrations of any provider worldwide. That means enterprise IT teams have the flexibility to choose what works best for them to build custom tech stacks that enhance both customer and employee experiences. This freedom of choice and flexibility are powerful differentiators because our largest customers are now navigating multiple paths to the cloud. Some are embracing hybrid environments to maintain the best of both worlds on prem and cloud, while others are reoptimizing their tech stacks by switching from cloud to cloud. And, of course, many are still moving 100% to the cloud for the first time. The power of Maestro is that it supports all three of these strategies, while reducing development time from months to hours and giving enterprises the control they need to adapt quickly in a constantly changing environment. With new enterprise deals closing every quarter, Maestro's flexibility and integration capabilities are driving steady business growth. The latest example is a large diversified credit union that needed rock solid reliability to modernize their on prem contact center with a Webex CCaaS solution. They chose Maestro because they wanted maximum flexibility to build a modern tech stack to easily add new services they envision down the road. In addition, our all IP solution made it easy to integrate the customers’ payment solution right into the call flow. Many of our customers are seeing significant operational efficiencies and cost savings by implementing Maestro. This creates additional upsell opportunities for advanced services such as conversational AI integrations. Our AIBridge product available with Maestro enables contact center operators to easily plug in best-in-class conversational AI providers like Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) Dialogflow and Cognigy. At Reverb, we announced partnerships with two more leaders in the space, Kore.ai and Amelia, which will expand our AI ecosystem as enterprise adoption increases. Conversational AI enables enterprises to reduce operational costs by automating routine inquiries, which improves both the customer and the agent experience. The key financial benefit for Bandwidth is that AI interactions continue generating voice minutes on our network. Additionally, we can monetize the extra data streams needed to support AI integrations in the call flow. Customer experience works in two ways. Besides inbound communications, many of our customers also rely on outbound outreach, such as an in home services provider scheduling an installation or a health care provider discussing test results. The challenge is that a rise in spam and fraudulent calls has eaten away at consumer trust, making it difficult for legitimate companies to connect with end users and get them to answer the phone. It's costing them a lot in wasted time and missed revenue. Bandwidth is now tackling this problem head on with number reputation management, which is a new solution coming soon to help enterprises take back control and protect their outbound calling campaigns. As a cloud platform owner and operator, we have access to critical call data that can be analyzed to lead to remediation solutions. By ensuring that more calls are answered and fewer are mislabeled, we are enabling our customers to achieve higher conversion rates and maximize their revenue potential. This solution has already garnered significant interest with a waiting list of companies ready to come on board for our beta version. You've heard just some of the many ways we are elevating voice services with Maestro, AIBridge, and number reputation management. As customer experience evolves, more and more consumers want to be communicated with in their channel of choice. To that end, at Reverb, we announced a comprehensive vision for multichannel messaging with the announcement that we are now a directly connected aggregator, Bandwidth has enhanced our leadership position in the messaging market, improved our cloud owner economics and strengthened our ability to deliver high volume mission critical messaging solutions. This not only boosts our margin profile but it's the reason partners like Attentive Mobile, one of the largest conversational commerce platforms in the world, chose Bandwidth. [Audio Video Presentation] Another key pillar of our messaging vision is RCS or rich communications services. With Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) support for RCS and mobile network operators now on board, we are among the first to develop a proof-of-concept for business grade RCS, which is known as rich business messaging or RBM. This is a game changer for business messaging and we're positioning ourselves to be the go to partner for enterprises as they implement RBM across all our key markets just like we do with SMS. Navigating the global messaging landscape is highly complex, but Bandwidth is uniquely positioned to lead. With constantly evolving registration and verification requirements, our new Bandwidth registration center simplifies the process for our customers. This centralized hub streamlines compliance for high volume messaging, making it easier for enterprises to stay in line with industry regulations while meeting high standards for trust that are set by carriers. Registration centers should reduce friction and drive usage for high volume senders like a new patient engagement platform that shows bandwidth in Q3. This customer specializes in appointment verification for health care and dental providers as well. Knowing that missed appointments mean a loss of revenue for the provider, the customer came to us wanting a better way to verify messages were being delivered to patients. They also wanted better customer support after having deliverability issues with their previous provider. Bandwidth deployed a dedicated onboarding team to help them get up and running in just days, while our universal platform provides them with an unprecedented level of delivery insights to ensure timely patient communications. It is a great example of our messaging leadership in action. As we approach the end of 2024, we are excited by the momentum of our strong R&D roadmap and a clear focus on what the world's largest enterprises need and want. We're proud of the breakthrough innovations that we launched at Reverb which come from listening to our customers and anticipating the market. Our vendor agnostic approach gives CIOs freedom of choice, helping us win their trust in long-term business. With continued leadership in Maestro, AI and multichannel messaging, along with our next gen universal platform, we are confident that we are well positioned to continue building our durable franchise as the most trusted provider in enterprise cloud communications. I'll now turn it over to Daryl to walk through the details of our financial results and our outlook.
Daryl Raiford: Thank you, David, and thanks everyone for joining us today for this very special episode of Bandwidth's earnings announcement. Building on our over performance for the first half of the year, Bandwidth delivered a record third quarter. Total revenue reached a $194 million marking a 28% increase and adjusted EBITDA grew to $24 million, representing a 74% increase year-over-year. Both metrics surpassed the upper range of our guidance. Drilling down into our third quarter results, again, total revenue rose to a $194 million with cloud communications revenue of $139 million, up 15% from last year. Our cloud communications revenue benefited from growth across all our products and customer categories. And as a reminder, we go to market serving three customer categories within cloud communications revenue, direct enterprise customers, programmable customers and global communications plans customers. We grew revenue 30% year-over-year in our direct enterprise customer category. The flexibility and control to build custom communications environments that enhance both customer and employee experiences using the Maestro platform continues to resonate with enterprises. Our programmable services category grew 55% year-over-year. We experienced strong demand for messaging, which represented 24% of cloud communications revenue and was driven by commercial customers in ecommerce, financial services and health care as well as $8 million recognized from political campaign messaging. In fact, for the last 12 months ended September 30 compared to the same period last year, our commercial messaging revenue grew 32%, a very tangible demonstration of our ability to acquire new customers and take market share. For global communications plans, our Q3 revenue grew 5% year-over-year, slightly ahead of our expectations, reflecting stable momentum. In terms of operating metrics, our Q3 net retention rate was 117%, an increase of 6 percentage point from last quarter. Political campaign revenue contributed approximately 2 percentage points. Our ARPU climbed to a record $212,000 reflecting our success in attracting and serving large enterprises for their business critical communications and modest benefit from political campaigns. Adjusting for political campaign benefit, the Q3 ARPU grew to a record $201,000. Our third quarter non-GAAP gross margin was a record of 58%, up approximately 3 percentage points from the prior year's quarter as we continue to benefit from our four gross margin expansion pillars. We generated free cash flow of $14 million, showing strong flow through from adjusted EBITDA. We remain on track to achieve greater than $50 million free cash flow in 2024. Before I turn to the full year outlook, let me summarize our third quarter business model achievement. When compared to last year, revenue grew 28%. Within total revenue, cloud communications revenue grew 15%. The conversion to gross profit was very strong with gross profit growing 22% on our 15% cloud revenue growth, setting a record quarterly gross margin of 58%. Operating expenses grew 7% with half of that coming from increased investment in R&D innovation as David outlined from Reverb, all adding up to a remarkable profit growth of 74%. Now turning to our outlook, we are raising our full year guidance. We now expect revenue to be $742 million at the midpoint of our range, reflecting a $27 million raise to our previous guidance and year-over-year growth of 23%. We expect adjusted EBITDA to be $79 million at the midpoint, representing a 65% profitability growth over last year. Embedded in our updated full year projections, we're now estimating a $25 million cloud communications revenue contribution from political campaign messaging customers, which notably represents less than 5% of cloud communications revenue. In closing, our priorities remain consistent, serving and delighting our customers, executing with precision and staying committed to long-term profitable growth. These priorities were clearly reflected in the innovation on display at the Reverb. A testament to the emerging market opportunities captured by the ingenuity and hardwork of our Band mates. We believe our culture of innovation will propel us forward to the next several years as leaders in the market. Now I'd like to turn it back to Sarah to begin the question and answer portion.
A - Sarah Walas: Thank you, Darrell. And as he said, we will now move into the question-and-answer session. We'll be joined by our Chief Product Officer, John Bell to provide additional insight on your innovation road map questions. [Operator Instructions] Let's jump in. Our first question will be from Ryan Koontz with Needham. Ryan, you can go ahead with your question and be sure to hit the green join button. Hey Ryan. Are you ready? I don't hear you. All right. We're going to take another question and we'll come back to you, Ryan. Okay? All right. Our next will be Jim Fish with Piper Sandler.
Jim Fish: Well, I'm happy that I get to be the first one on this. Nice quarter, guys, especially even when normalizing everything and I appreciate all that color, Daryl. Maybe just to dive into on the RCS side of things, which is kind of a hot topic here in the space. Relatively kind of, I'll say not new, but a big sign up with Google here. I guess, what do you guys see playing out with RCS versus SMS volumes on the messaging side and how that could impact your gross margins moving forward?
David Morken: Thanks, Jim and good to see you. I'm joined today by my Band mate, John Bell, with whom I've had the pleasure of working for 13 years. He's our Chief Product Officer, and I'd like to ask him to handle your good question about RCS and what we've talked about today.
John Bell: I'd say it's still early days for RCS and RBM, which use cases will work best for which technologies still early along with the economic impact of it. So we're still navigating it, but I think if there's still a lot of uncertainty about how all the different channel channels will balance out over time, as we move forward.
Jim Fish: And then you guys talked about the driver or I'm sorry, voice coming in a little bit higher than you guys were expecting. Just trying to understand what was the cause of that?
David Morken: We've had broad usage in voice across the different enterprise verticals and categories that we serve. Contact center certainly continues to be a focus for us both in that period and going forward. But very pleased both domestically and internationally with the usage of voice as a driver that we pointed out.
Sarah Walas: Our next question will be from Arjun Bhatia with William Blair. We don't hear you. Did you approve the use of your microphone? All right. Okay. We'll come back. We'll come back to you, Arjun. Our next question will be Will Power with Baird. Will, be sure to hit the green join button.
Will Power: Maybe just come back universal platform. Great to hear some of the highlights. It sounds like a real success. And may maybe for Johnson who's on stage, I just, love to kind of hear what kind of feedback you're getting, from customers. And I guess, if you kind of break it down, I mean, David went through a lot. I mean, you've rolled out a lot at Reverb. Are there a couple of things that we should really be focused on as investors that could be bigger drivers over the next couple of years? And I guess, coupled with that again, what's kind of resonate with customers as you get feedback?
David Morken: Thanks Will. John?
John Bell: Yes. I think when you when you look in totality of what we rolled out, it really represents Bandwidth's open approach towards the market. Our integrations to all the major UCaaS, CCaaS, AI platforms, really important. And then I'd also point out our programmable voice API that we've rolled out globally as well-being really important. As we see more and more new entrants into our market, many of them are coming from different technical backgrounds. And so having that programmable voice platform helps us serve those new entrants with the technologies they're familiar with. And so, I think looking at the integrations and the technical breadth that we're taking globally, really important to us for the long-term.
Will Power: And then maybe, for maybe, David or Daryl, just thinking about the messaging growth, excluding political -- just be great to get any other color you could distilled out from us in terms of key drivers and how those core kind of core trends trended versus recent periods here?
David Morken: So in, one of the customer examples that we cited in the period, Will, we talked about how use of our universal platform API for messaging was a key driver in winning them away from their incumbent. Deliverability and demonstrating that the messages sent, received on time and accurately is a huge insights product that we offer that differentiates us for the commercial customers. And I think that that value will continue to resonate in the next year, as we think about messaging used through the universal platform. In terms of the financial contributions of messaging, [NetPolitical], we'll pause and ask Daryl if you'd like to add to anything.
Daryl Raiford: No, thank you, David. We're really pleased with the performance of our commercial messaging in the third quarter. It again performed off the second quarter very well. If we take commercial messaging ex surcharges, ex political it grew 18% in the third quarter off of 18% in the second quarter. We're really happy with that figure. That's more than double our nearest competitor in the space. And that nearest competitor includes surcharges. So we're happy with the growth there. And the healthcare company that David highlighted, the healthcare platform, where they had deliverability issues with that competitor and we were able to onboard as just a customer highlight, onboard them successfully in the third quarter. It's the attraction of the platform and our customer service and operations that seems to resonate really well with our commercial messaging customers.
Sarah Walas: Our next question will be from Eamon Coughlin with Barclays. Eamon, be sure to hit the green join button. He was there and he's gone. We're going to move on to Meta (NASDAQ:META) Marshall with Morgan Stanley. Meta, be sure to hit the green join button. Meta, we're going to move on. We're going to try Austin Cole at -- no. We're going to go to Arjun Bhatia with William Blair. We're going to give this one another shot. Arjun? We still don't hear you. Why don't you send me your question, I'll read it. Okay. We'll go to Austin Cole with JMP Securities. Austin, hit the green join button. We'll try Pat Walravens with JMP.
Pat Walravens: And how's the volume? The volume's working too sweet. It's not that hard, honestly. So I'm not sure what's going on. Okay. So, congratulations. It's awesome. So, Dave, I mean, you have all these product announcements. You've got the nomadic global. You've got number reputation management. Just the AIBridge. I mean, it's incredible how much product you guys are delivering, but which of these is most likely to move the needle soonest, so from an investor's point of view?
David Morken: That's a very insightful question. And I would welcome that opportunity to speculate actually. Because I think it's anybody's best guess. But removing friction from things like porting and doing things in a single universal user experience across expanding country footprint are very tangible, very immediate and very relevant to the decision makers we talk to today. Those are actionable. They're gritty. And that's where I would -- that's what I would guess.
Pat Walravens: And then, Darryl, you addressed this already a little bit but it's already coming up. So, I'm getting the -- but this political messaging is a one-time benefit. What's the response to investors who are skeptical who are saying you're having a one-time benefit? Just give us the top two or three points.
Daryl Raiford: Well, look, no one should dismiss the political campaign customer because they also participate in both market engagements, which is commercial and civic engagement. So we grow across all of those three forks. We're really pleased with that. No one should dismiss our commercial revenue growth at now two quarters in a row, twice our nearest competitor. We're really pleased with the profit growth for the year. We're really pleased to have raised our guidance, our revenue guidance $27 million, $7 million in cloud communications with several million dollars of that coming from commercial revenue. And we're looking forward to continuing that momentum. I don't think that there's an honestly, I don't think that there's a criticism in their growing twice the nearest competitor.
Sarah Walas: I would only add to that, Pat. We'll certainly have to wait to guide ‘25 later. But I don't think I'm speaking out of turn, Daryl, when I suggest that we'll continue to grow profit next year. So despite anyone talking about one time political contribution will continue to grow profit next year.
Daryl Raiford: So over the last several years, everyone has seen high quality profit growth out of our business model. And indeed, the model taking just this last quarter growing gross profit 22% on 15% revenue growth, growing our EBITDA to the extent that we did. We intend to keep extending that profit growth, whether there is a cyclical political campaign headwind or not. That is the -- that's the nature of our commercial business. It is taking market share and we're very pleased with that.
Sarah Walas: We are going to try Eamon Coughlin again with Barclays.
Ryan Mac: I'm Ryan Mac. Congrats on a great quarter. We are hearing more interest from customers on generative AI use cases. Given the complexity and uptime requirements for these use cases, could Bandwidth have an edge for enterprises looking to activate around these voice AI use cases?
David Morken: I'll begin and then invite John Bell to pile on. It's certainly the case being vertically integrated and having a universal footprint all our own that we have the ability to see quality to promise quality and to deliver it in vital media and signaling use cases for voice, handing it off, sending and receiving it across important jurisdictions and doing that in a regulatory compliant way. So, yes, if you're doing AI use cases, you want to work with a provider that is responsible for the entire tech stack. But let me pass it over to John.
John Bell: Yes. I agree. And we're watching AI, a number of different AI models being used by enterprises. And so providing them the flexibility and the freedom of choice of which platforms they're choosing to use, making sure they can easily integrate into the communications stack is what's really important. And so we believe that the foundational investments we've made in the universal platform are really applicable to this future.
Ryan Mac: And then just trying to get a better understanding for political expectations for 4Q. Should we expect similar results to 3Q or a little more?
John Bell: We recognized $8 million of political campaign revenue in cloud communications in the third quarter and inherent in our guide of around $25 million now after experiencing 338, the remainder of 11 we're expecting in the fourth quarter. So we are expecting a bit of a growth in terms of this last quarter.
Sarah Walas: And our last question will come from Meta Marshall at Morgan Stanley. Meta, be sure to hit the green join button. I don't know if we're going to get Meta, but I do -- I'm going to give her one more second and I'm going to read Arjun's question while we're waiting for Meta to come up. So Arjun at William Blair asked, on messaging, the growth is exceptional. Where is the incremental share in usage coming from? Is that new customer from competitors or existing customers expanding? Or are these net new use cases that are coming live that didn't exist previously?
David Morken: So it certainly is a combination of existing and new customers with existing customers always out contributing just based upon the basic business we have with some stellar enterprise brands. Use cases always are evolving into creative and exciting new ways for end users. But there's nothing fundamentally different or unexpected about the way in which our customers are going to market with messaging, using our platform both domestically and now also internationally.
Daryl Raiford: I'd like to echo David's comments. They're on the mark and I want to punctuate them with our net retention rate. Our net retention rate without the political tailwind is 115% for the quarter. And we're very, very pleased with that. That demonstrates Arjun that demonstrates a combination of new -- with our revenue growth, a new customer and a very nice growth rate among the existing customer cohort from last year. So we're seeing it's very broad.
Sarah Walas: And Arjun did have one additional question. With the strong growth in global communications, are we already seeing AI drive more volume in voice or is that still to come?
David Morken: It is already a launched, adopted and growing part of our Maestro platform. Our AIBridge product now offers five partner integrations that are exciting. So, yes, it has begun.
Sarah Walas: And that – yes, I don't think we're going to be able to hear Meta. So sorry, Meta. We will talk to you very shortly. We have a call with you scheduled, so we'll follow-up there. And this concludes our question and answer session. Thank you all for joining today's presentation. You may now disconnect, and have a wonderful day.
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