By Ju-min Park
NAGASAKI, Japan, May 7 (Reuters) - Seven days before Japan
quarantined a cruise ship near Tokyo early this year, in what
became one of the first coronavirus hot spots outside China,
another cruise ship docked in southern Japan.
For the next five weeks, as the virus took hold in Japan and
the Diamond Princess in Yokohama port grabbed global attention,
the Japanese authorities issued no warnings to the Costa
Atlantica 1,200 km (750 miles) to the southwest.
Passengers from the Yokohama ship were dying while people
from the other vessel freely got on and off, dining and shopping
in Nagasaki, and dozens of new crew members were flown in to
replace those whose work contracts were expiring.
The Costa Atlantica now hosts one of Japan's biggest
clusters of the coronavirus, which infected one-fourth of the
more than 600 people then on board.
Public-health experts say a lack of additional measures on
cruise ships after the Diamond Princess outbreak, toothless
coronavirus legislation and a nationwide paucity of virus
testing combined to allow the outbreak on the Costa Atlantica to
blossom.
This was compounded by local and national authorities'
decision to corral infected and uninfected people on the Costa
Atlantica, making it harder to stem the on-board infection.
"It seems that a situation similar to the Diamond Princess
is being created," said Dr Amesh Adalja, an infectious-disease
specialist at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. "In
an effort to keep cases from disembarking, more cases will occur
among the (people on board), some of which could be severe and
preventable."
The law authorising Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's national
state of emergency and restrictions on movement by various
regional governors carries few legal penalties, part of Japan's
postwar aversion to curbs on personal liberties. It relies
instead on social pressure and respect for authority.
The lack of widespread testing or infection-tracing apps in
Japan complicates the response in Nagasaki. Health officials say
they are struggling to trace infection routes and do not know
how the virus spread to the ship.
Abe's government defends its cautious testing policies,
saying it wants to avoid swamping hospitals with people who have
only light cases. And while the virus has spread steadily,
infections did not spike in Japan, as in some countries, and new
cases have slowed since mid-April. Japan had confirmed about
15,000 coronavirus infections as of Tuesday, and 543 people are
known to have died from COVID-19.
The Diamond Princess, which had more than 3,700 people on
board, initially kept them all on the ship, contributing to the
spread of infections to more than 700 and the deaths of 14.
The 86,000-tonne Italian-flagged Costa Atlantica carried no
passengers when it docked for maintenance in Nagasaki. Of the
initial 623 crew on the ship, 149 tested positive and five of
those have been hospitalised.
That makes it one of Japan's biggest clusters, according to
Reuters calculations based on Oxford University data.
The Costa Atlantica and the Diamond Princess are both
ultimately operated by Florida-based Carnival Corp CCL.N .
"Sick crew members should be fully treated at local
hospitals, but healthy crew should be returned to their home
countries as soon as possible,” said Takanori Hamasaki, head of
a local residents' association.
“I think those who tested negative can turn positive while
they are staying on the ship,” Hamasaki told Reuters in late
April. “Honestly, their cabins on the ship are small - no one
can stay healthy in that situation.”
About two weeks after the first case was detected, operator
Costa Cruises S.p.A. began flying healthy crew members home. By
Tuesday, 181 mostly Indonesians and Filipinos crew had been
repatriated, the local government said.
There has been no decision whether to repatriate people who
test positive, said Katsumi Nakata, a senior official with
Nagasaki prefecture.
Costa Cruises said in a statement, "The health and safety of
our people, along with compliance and environmental protection,
is always our utmost priority."
The Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd 7011.T unit that
operates the Koyagi shipyard where the Costa Atlantica is
docked, apologised to local residents late last month for
“causing concern” and “misunderstanding” over the outbreak and
said it would "fully cooperate" with the authorities.
Kunio Shiiba, a senior executive at Mitsubishi Heavy, bowing
deeply at a news conference, also apologised for insufficient
explanation about the crew members' movement.
Costa Cruises manages health checks of the crew and their
movement on and off the ship, while Mitsubishi controls the
shipyard entrance and checks the temperature of those coming in,
Shiiba said.
Hamasaki of the residents' association said that while
Mitsubishi apologised to them and explained the steps it had
taken, the company offered no specific steps to avoid further
infection.
“What we can do is wash our hands and wear masks,” he said.
“This is going to be a long battle. If it drags on, it will be a
problem for all of Japan, not just in Nagasaki.”
DEATH IN YOKOHAMA, RAMEN IN NAGASAKI
The Costa Atlantica, diverted from virus-ravaged China,
docked in Nagasaki on Jan. 29, five days before the Diamond
Princess moored in Yokohama, where infection spread rapidly and
the ship was locked down.
On March 6, a month before Abe declared the state of
emergency, the Nagasaki government asked people to stay home,
but local businesses remained open, attracting customers like
Sara Zhou, a Costa Atlantica guest-services employee who sampled
tomato ramen and Starbucks coffee in downtown Nagasaki.
"Delicious Japanese noodle, that for sure u will finish the
last drop of tomato soup. U will love it go and try it," Zhou
wrote on Facebook, the day the seventh person from the Diamond
Princess died. She did not respond to Reuters requests for
comment.
Eight days later, after the first coronavirus case was
reported in Nagasaki, Mitsubishi and the Costa Atlantica
operator asked the crew to stay on board.
That request also went unheeded. More than 30 people left
and boarded the vessel from April 1 to 20, when the ship's first
case was detected and the movement stopped, said local
government official Futoshi Iwasaki.
A health ministry official handling the Costa Atlantica told
Reuters the ministry "wasn't in a position to give orders and we
don't have the power to enforce them."
Now in their cabins, the crew while away the time chatting
with each other from their balconies and hand-washing their
laundry.
Healthy workers spray disinfectant around the ship. Pictures
shared with Reuters show one wearing a helmet, goggles and mask
with a plastic bag over his torso as he distributes meals to
colleagues.
"People are thanking me for working as a frontliner. And I
am happy to hand over sugar and salt they need," the Filipino
crew member told Reuters on condition of anonymity. "It is my
best nightmare."